Sun: full sun or partial shade

Soil: slightly acidic, well-drained; found in dry, rocky soil; not sensitive to drought; intolerant of flooding

Growth rate: slow (less than 1 ft/yr)

Mature size: 25-40 ft. height, 10-15 ft. spread

Landscape use: small understory

Fruit: nutlets enclosed in “hop-like” papery, green capsules

Flower: male and female catkins

Fall color: yellow, red/orange

Seasonal interest: un-uniform leaf lengths, fall color, brown/reddish bark

Sustaining wildlife: nuts eaten by songbirds, quail, deer, wild turkeys

Planting notes: known as one of the toughest and hardest of native woods (one common name is Ironwood)