Sun: full sun and part shade (grows taller in shaded places)

Soil: prefers moist soil but is considered drought tolerant

Growth rate: slow to medium (1-2 ft/yr)

Mature size: 6-9 ft. height, 6-12 ft. spread

Landscape use: establish hedge/living fence, riparian restoration, produce cut flowers

Fruit: urn-shaped leathery, brown wrinkled capsule surrounds seed

Flower: maroon flowers with fruity fragrance, blooming May-July 

Fall color: yellow 

Seasonal interest: fall color, unique fruits persist into winter

Sustaining wildlife: nesting site for birds; flowers attractive to insects including beetles and flies

Planting notes: deer/rabbit resistant, prolific suckering habit; bark has been used as substitute for cinnamon in the past;